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Bruce W. Hayward, Sascha Nolden & Mike Johnston | 2024
The Earliest Geological Maps in New ZealandGeoscience Society of New Zealand Newsletter, Issue 6, July 2024, p. 12-19.
This article examines seven early geological maps of parts of the country by Walter Mantell, Charles Heaphy, James Coutts Crawford, and Ferdinand von Hochstetter, which all pre-dated the first geological maps of the whole of New Zealand.
The earliest geological map of the whole of New Zealand was made by James Hector in 1865, which was based on a compilation of contributions from Ferdinand von Hochstetter (Auckland and Nelson provinces), James Coutts Crawford (Wellington Province), Julius Haast (Canterbury and Nelson provinces) and his own mapping (Otago Province). Hector’s 1865 geological map of New Zealand was not published as the government declined to authorise publication as a cost-saving measure. Thus, the publication of this first geological map of New Zealand was delayed until 1869 when Hector produced an updated version drafted by John Buchanan. |
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Bruce W. Hayward & Sascha Nolden | 2024
Hochstetter's Fossil Foraminiferal Collections on the Novara Expedition, 1857–1859 Journal of Foraminiferal Research, v. 54, no. 3, p. 271–289, July 2024
Ferdinand Hochstetter was the geologist on the Austrian trans-global Novara Expedition (1857–1859). During these travels he collected sedimentary rock samples from three places that he recognised in the field to have rich foraminiferal faunas and on his return to Austria they were studied by three foraminiferal specialists. Conrad Schwager (1866) described 97 new species (79 currently accepted) from a Pliocene lower bathyal-abyssal fauna from Car Nicobar, India. This was the earliest description of cosmopolitan, deep-water Neogene foraminiferal species and thus includes descriptions of many species widely recognised today such as Lobatula wuellerstorfi, Cibicidoides cicatricosus, Neogloboquadrina conglomerata, Pyrgo murrhina and many of the more common elongate taxa that became extinct during the Last Global extinction in the Mid Pleistocene Climate Transition. Felix Karrer (1864) and Guido Stache (1864) described 19 foraminiferal species (16 currently accepted) from the early Miocene and 126 species (50 currently accepted) from the Oligocene of the North Island of New Zealand, respectively. Among the species described from Hochstetter’s collections are the type species of 15 genera that are accepted today. Three species have been named hochstetteri from these localities. Because of their significance, all these new species from New Zealand and India were revised and typified in monographs by Hornibrook (1971) and Srinivasan & Sharma (1980), respectively.
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Rodney Grapes & Sascha Nolden | 2024
Ferdinand Hochstetter's notes on pounamuGeoscience Society of New Zealand: Journal of Historical Studies, Number 81, April 2024, p. 15-32.
The following information on New Zealand nephrite by Ferdinand von Hochstetter (1829-1884), is from archival manuscript material in the Dr Albert Schedl Collection in Vienna. The manuscript notes relate in part to Ferdinand Hochstetter's article on New Zealand pounamu published in 1864. The tranche of holograph manuscript notes made by Hochstetter in 1878 comprise a compilation of details on nephrite and nephrite objects from around the world, of which the eight pages relating to New Zealand, transcribed by Sascha Nolden and translated into English by Rodney Grapes and Sascha Nolden are presented here. The notes are supplemented by Hochstetter's original sketch. This sketch rendered in pencil and ink depicts a New Zealand hei-tiki or tiki belonging to Dr Carl Frank Fischer, who had formerly resided in Auckland before moving to Sydney, and visited Hochstetter in Vienna in 1878.
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Sascha Nolden & Karen Manton | 2024
The letters of Mary von Haast to her familyGeoscience Society of New Zealand: Journal of Historical Studies, Number 80, March 2024, p. 1-149.
This project aims to present an annotated scholarly edition of letters with a biographical introduction, and thereby celebrate a pioneering Canterbury women, Mary von Haast, and to commemorate the 180th anniversary of her birth on 21 January 2024. It also strives to provide some balance in the biographical documentation of the Haasts. The life of Sir Julius von Haast was documented in great detail by his son Heinrich in the 1142-page biography he published in 1948. Haast has recently been the subject of a bicentenary symposium hosted by Canterbury Museum and a subsequently published volume of contributors' paper, however the life and letters of Lady Mary von Haast remain largely unpublished.
The present annotated scholarly edition of letters aims to rectify that omission, by building on the now well-established tradition of including female perspectives in the historical narrative, to shed new light on New Zealand's colonial society. Mary von Haast is an exemplary subject to work with. Her life and spheres of influence encompass everything one might expect, but the detailed insight into her personal life and private thoughts provided by the letters reveal so much more. Beyond the predictable biographical elements that come with the existence of persons of certain 'stations in life' residing in certain communities, there emerges a wealth of the unexpected through the extraordinary and remarkable range of social engagements coupled with personal sacrifice and maternal devotion that are revealed. |
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Sascha Nolden & Bruce W. Hayward | 2024
The Hochstetter - Heaphy controversy and the mapping of the Auckland Volcanic FieldGeoscience Society of New Zealand: Journal of Historical Studies, Number 79, February 2024, p. 1-64.
This year marks 160 years since one of the earliest public geoscience controversies in New Zealand erupted in the local media in 1864. First discussed by Heinrich von Haast in the biography of his father Sir Julius von Haast using newspapers and letters to his father as sources; but the subject is buried within the depths of the thousand-page volume. Alan Mason reviewed and investigated this intellectual property dispute between Ferdinand von Hochstetter and Charles Heaphy, which is known as the Hochstetter - Heaphy controversy, and reported on it in this journal in 2002 and 2003. Mason concluded "Hopefully, the story is not yet finished".
Since then two items have been published which were not known to be extant when Mason was first writing on the subject and introducing it as a topic in the history of New Zealand science. Both items provide additional information that calls for a re-examination of what is one of the earliest controversies in the history of New Zealand geological studies. These two items are the recently published annotated English translation of Hochstetter's Auckland diary and the first published reproduction of the original manuscript map of the geology of Auckland District initially prepared by Heaphy in 1857 (corrected to February 1859), and submitted by him in 1859 to the Geological Society of London. |
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Rodney Grapes & Sascha Nolden | 2023
Ferdinand von Hochstetter’s Description of Mere Pounamu in ViennaRecords of the Canterbury Museum, Volume 37, 2023, pp. 55-65.
Ferdinand von Hochstetter visited New Zealand in 1858–1859 and undertook an extensive survey in the central North Island and northernmost part of the South Island. He also took great interest in the Māori people and culture, including their descriptive vocabulary relating to geological phenomena and materials. He developed a special fascination with pounamu (nephrite jade) and the way it was used for the manufacture of ornaments, tools and weapons. After his return to Vienna a small selection of specimens formed the basis for early mineralogical analyses. In 1876 he was appointed the founding director of the Viennese Natural History Museum. One of the identified gaps in the collection was a mere pounamu and through Julius von Haast, Director of Canterbury Museum, and the Reverend James West Stack, he was able to purchase one of a pair of mere traditionally manufactured by hand using stone tools by Tamati Tikao of Ngāi Tahu who lived at Wainui, on Akaroa Harbour. The other mere was purchased by the natural history museum in Dresden under the direction of Adolf Bernhard Meyer. This paper presents for the first time an annotated English translation of Hochstetter’s original descriptive paper on the mere, published in 1884 and explores the provenance of the two mere held in the museum collections in Vienna and Dresden. Much of the information used by Hochstetter in his paper was provided by Reverend Stack, communicated through Julius von Haast.
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Sascha Nolden & Bruce W. Hayward | 2023
Hochstetter's Auckland Diary: 22 December 1858 - 5 March 1859Geoscience Society of New Zealand, 2023, 188 pp.
This publication presents the first annotated English translation of Hochstetter’s manuscript German language diary from his initial stay in Auckland during the period 22 December 1858 to 5 March 1859. During this time Hochstetter undertook surveys and field work for his famous map of the Auckland volcanic field and also made multi-day trips west to Te Henga and Whatipu, south to Port Waikato, east to Maraetai and Clevedon and north to Whangaparaoa.
The diary text has been annotated by the authors with many additional facts and contextual notes. The edition is illustrated with figures and historic photographs relating to people, places and geology mentioned. Also included are many of Hochstetter’s sketches and preliminary maps of his journeys, supplemented by previously unseen maps and paintings by his colleague at the time, Charles Heaphy, from the collections of the Geological Society of London. |
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Alfred Rex Bunn & Sascha Nolden | 2023
Ferdinand von Hochstetter’s November 1860 Folio of New Zealand survey data and the location of the Pink and White TerracesJournal of Humanities & Social Sciences, Volume 6 Issue 8, 2023, pp. 248-268.
This research utilises Ferdinand von Hochstetter’s unpublished November 1860 Folio of survey data from the first major terrestrial topographical and geological survey in New Zealand. The Folio data enable reconstruction of the survey across the North Island to Lake Rotomahana, with unique bearings to the lost Pink and White Terraces. Prepared for cartographic production in Gotha, Germany, the Folio features marginalia by cartographer August Petermann and Arnim Welcker. It validates Hochstetter’s 1859 field diaries and Rotomahana Basin topography navigating to the Terraces. The Folio survey coordinates indicate the Pink and White Terrace springs lie buried beneath the shores of Lake Rotomahana. The Folio locations are consistent with earlier survey Diary iterations. They triangulate with the Basin topography and align with Mātauranga Māori. Complementary with recently published research, the Folio data provides historical primary source evidence for the search for the lost Terraces at Lake Rotomahana.
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Sascha Nolden & George Hook | 2023
Julius Haast’s first scientific paper:
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Sascha Nolden & Thomas A Darragh | 2023
Ferdinand Hochstetter's Australian Novara expedition diary and voyage to New Zealand
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Sascha Nolden | 2023
Ferdinand Hochstetter's Novara expedition autograph albumJournal of the Historical Studies Group, Geoscience Society of New Zealand, no. 73, March 2023, pp. 49-95.
Ferdinand von Hochstetter (1829-1884) was the geologist and physicist on the Austrian Novara Expedition of 1857-1859 and completed pioneering geological surveys in New Zealand during his visit from 22 December 1858 to 2 October 1859. Prior to his departure from Vienna, he was presented with an album by his friend, the geologist and explorer Ferdinand von Richthofen (1833-1905). Hochstetter invited his friends in Vienna to inscribe words of farewell prior to his departure, and carried the album with him during the expedition where he invited people to contribute entries and autographs as mementos of these encounters.
The album measures 22 x 15 cm, features leather binding with raised bands, and wooden oak boards with brass corners and centre decorative detailing. The front brass plate is engraved with initials F H [Ferdinand Hochstetter] and the back F v R [Ferdinand von Richthofen]. On the initial pages are a dedication by Richthofen to Hochstetter accompanied by an original poem. Presented here are the Australian and New Zealand entries, followed by a list of names and dates of entries found on the initial 86 pages of the album, giving an overview of the network Hochstetter established and the places visited during the expedition. Australian and New Zealand entries in English are presented as full transcriptions, and entries in other languages with basic translations. |
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Sascha Nolden, George Hook & Simon Nathan (editors) | 2022
Sir Julius von Haast: Commemorating the bicentenary of the birth of the founder of Canterbury MuseumProceedings of the Haast Symposium hosted by Canterbury Museum. 30 April – 1 May 2022. Edited by Sascha Nolden, George Hook & Simon Nathan. Canterbury Museum Bulletin No. 11
The Haast Symposium was a virtual meeting hosted by Canterbury Museum on 30 April and 1 May 2022. The event was a wonderful weekend of sharing and communicating insights across a broad spectrum of Haast scholarship, with papers contributed from both New Zealand and Vienna.
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Sascha Nolden | 2022
Stephenson Percy Smith (1840–1922), founder of the Polynesian SocietyUncovering Pacific Pasts: Histories of Archaeology in Oceania, edited by Hilary Howes, Tristen Jones and Matthew Spriggs, ANU Press, The Australian National University, Canberra, 2022, pp. 155-172.
The collections of the Alexander Turnbull Library, National Library of New Zealand, in Wellington include papers of Stephenson Percy Smith and of the Polynesian Society. Smith had a long and successful career as a surveyor and public servant in New Zealand, devoted himself to ethnological research, and founded the Polynesian Society in 1892.
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Rodney Grapes & Sascha Nolden | 2021
Descriptions and analyses of New Zealand nephrite and tangiwaite jade (pounamu) by Ferdinand von Hochstetter (1864) and Friedrich Berwerth (1880): a scholarly annotated English translationJahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, vol. 161, no. 1-4, December 2021, pp. 91-124.
Ferdinand von Hochstetter arrived in New Zealand as a member of the scientific contingent on the Austrian Novara expedition in 1858 and spent nine months exploring and surveying in both the North and South islands. During his sojourn, he developed a special interest in the New Zealand varieties of nephrite (pounamu), so highly prized by the indigenous Maori people who utilised it as a material for the manufacture of weapons, tools, and ornaments. On his return to Vienna Hochstetter had two samples analysed and published a paper describing the varieties of nephrite with special reference to the indigenous language terminology and their meaning, along with the results of the analyses. In 1880, Friedrich Berwerth, at the behest of Hochstetter, published a paper in two parts on nephrite and bowenite correcting key errors in the analyses of the earlier publication. This paper presents annotated scholarly English translations of, and commentary on both publications, discusses the origin of pounamu, and proposes the reinstatement of the name tangiwaite in place of bowenite for the tangiwai variety of New Zealand pounamu.
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Christoph Schindler & Sascha Nolden | 2021
Georgiana von Hochstetter: Travel diaries of a Viennese scientist's spouseProceedings. 15th International ERBE-Symposium, Cultural Heritage in Geosciences, Mining and Metallurgy - Libraries - Archives - Collections. Eggenburg, 2021. pp. 220-231.
This paper reviews the genesis of a scholarly annotated edition of the ten extant travel diaries of Georgiana von Hochstetter (1842-1905) from the period 1876-1889. Written when travelling in the company of her husband, the preeminent Viennese scientist and director of the newly established Natural History Museum, Ferdinand von Hochstetter (1829-1884). Only the final diary was penned by the widow when she made one final journey to Bordeaux, the city of her birth, and to the International Exposition in Paris to see the new Eiffel Tower. Through a series of selected excerpts, the authors provide a brief overview of the broad range of subject matter, the people and places encountered, and open a window into the world of late nineteenth-century society through the unique female perspective providing a rare uncensored commentary on travel experiences, private life and social circles of the period.
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Sascha Nolden | 2021
First New Zealand AtlasTe Kupenga: 101 Stories of Aotearoa from the Turnbull, edited by Michael Keith and Chris Szeckely, Massey University Press, Auckland, 2021, pp. 46-49.
German scientist Ferdinand von Hochstetter (1829-1884) spent much of 1859 travelling around Aotearoa surveying its varied geology. He arrived in Auckland in December 1858 as a member of the Austrian Novara scientific expedition. Soon after, the Auckland provincial government invited him to make an extended stay to carry out a geological survey and explore mineral resources. The task was also a topographical survey, as land beyond the coast had not yet been mapped in any detail.
Initially, Hochstetter surveyed the Auckland volcanic field, visiting many of the points of eruption and working closely with the artist Charles Heaphy (1820-1881), who provided tracings of base maps. The resulting map forms an important record of the Auckland landscape before it was altered by extensive quarrying and development in the burgeoning urban area. Once Hochstetter had investigated the surroundings of Auckland, he undertook a major 79-day survey expedition across the North Island, travelling from Auckland down to Lake Taupo and up through Rotorua and the Bay of Plenty, before returning to Auckland. [...] The six chromolithographic printed maps that emerged were first produced with German-language labels and published in journals, books and the German edition of the atlas. They formed a unique portrait of the land. The English version of the maps was commissioned by Carl Frank Fischer of Auckland, who compiled the atlas, which was then published by his brother-in-law Theodore DeLattre in 1864 as the first atlas of New Zealand. |
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Christoph Schindler & Sascha Nolden | 2021
Georgiana von Hochstetter: Reisetagebücher einer Wiener Gelehrtenfrau aus den Jahren 1876 bis 1889Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann, 2021, 354 pp.
ISBN: 978-3-8260-7387-8 |
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Rodney Grapes & Sascha Nolden | 2020
Ferdinand von Hochstetter's 1864 description of Dunite - a scholarly annotated English translationJahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, vol. 160, no. 1-4, December 2020, pp. 409-422.
Ferdinand von Hochstetter (1829–1884) named Dunite at a public lecture in Nelson, New Zealand, on 29th September 1859, shortly after his visit to Dun Mountain where specimens were collected and mineral deposits investigated. On his return to Vienna, the dunite specimens were independently analysed at the laboratories of the Polytechnic Institute and Imperial Geological Survey of Austria. Hochstetter published his description of dunite in the journal of the German Geological Society in 1864 (Hochstetter, 1864a). This article comprises a scholarly annotated English language translation of Hochstetter’s paper and a translation of a related published letter in which Hochstetter outlines the place and relationship of dunite, lherzolite and chassignite. Presented with historical and biographical notes, the paper looks at the history and current status of the term dunite, its petrogenesis and relevance in regional tectonics.
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Sascha Nolden | 2020
Sir Julius von Haast’s Geology of Canterbury and WestlandJournal of the Historical Studies Group, Geoscience Society of New Zealand, no. 64, March 2020, pp. 40-50.
This article takes a closer look at Julius von Haast’s Geology of the Provinces of Canterbury and Westland, New Zealand: A report comprising the results of official explorations (Haast 1879), one of the earliest illustrated books on geology published in New Zealand. Sir Julius von Haast was a German-born New Zealand geologist-explorer based in Christchurch and the founding director of Canterbury Museum. The genesis of the book is closely linked with the abolishment of the New Zealand Provincial Government system in 1876, when Haast, as Provincial Geologist, was commissioned to write a final report summarising his previous reports and incorporating additional unpublished results from his scientific explorations.
In its extant published form this substantial work represents more than a final record and expression of the once proudly independent province’s scientific efforts and achievements, and it is not merely an expanded illustrated report by the former province’s geologist – this is Haast’s magnum opus. He put his heart and soul into the project leaving nothing untried in order to condense all he had absorbed and observed over almost two decades of hardship and endurance in the face of opposition from both the elements and politicians – it was an opportunity to present his greatest passion to the world. The result consists of a fascinating range of collaborations on an international scale, which in due course contributed considerably to Haast's reputation. The book printed in Canterbury and Vienna is worthy of a bibliographic forensic examination as a representative of early scientific publishing in New Zealand. |
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Merryn McAulay & Sascha Nolden | 2019
Arranging and describing archival cartographic collections in the Alexander Turnbull LibraryArchifacts: Journal of the Archives and Records Association of New Zealand, Pages 42-50
This article provides an overview of the archival processing, arrangement, and description of unpublished cartographic collections in the Alexander Turnbull Library, National Library of New Zealand. The Library, established in 1920, was originally based on the 1918 bequest of bibliophile and collector Alexander Horsburgh Turnbull (1868-1918). Its mandate is to preserve, protect, develop, and make accessible documentary heritage and taonga for all the people of New Zealand.
Cartographic collections are defined as material containing information that has a geographic location and is usually depicted graphically. The Library’s primary areas of cartographic collecting are material relating to exploration, discovery, settlement and ongoing development of New Zealand and Pacific Islands, as well as other geographic areas with strong connections to New Zealand or New Zealanders including Antarctica. Today the cartographic collections number over 50,000 published and unpublished maps, plans, charts, and atlases. The Library holds individual maps, atlases, and groups of maps, but maps are also found within many ‘multi-format’ archival collections that might contain predominantly photographs or personal papers. The authors are members of the Arrangement & Description team which was established in 2011 and drew on expertise from different Library departments. Since then, this team has been working to harmonise processing practices across all unpublished material held at the Library. The purpose of arrangement and description is to ensure accurate metadata is captured and the material is discoverable by researchers in the Library and worldwide via the online finding aid Tiaki. Many recent technical enhancements and newly-developed processes have resulted in greater accuracy of metadata and description through incorporating elements of peer-review, authority through links to external official gazetteer data, and transparency through the publication of sources of information consulted in the creation of authority records. |
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Rex Bunn & Sascha Nolden | 2018
Forensic cartography with Hochstetter’s 1859 Pink and White Terraces survey: Te Otukapuarangi and Te TarataJournal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, vol. 48, no. 1, 2018, pp. 39-56. DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2017.1329748
The 1859 field diaries of Ferdinand von Hochstetter (1829–1884) include raw data from a compass survey of Lake Rotomahana. The azimuth array is reverse engineered to identify Hochstetter’s survey baseline. Survey iterations are performed to reconstruct the historic Lake Rotomahana over today’s topographic map. Hochstetter’s papers include a method-of-squares survey map of Lake Rotomahana, providing scale and orientation to the reverse engineered projection. The forensic cartography delivers control points which enabled the authors to georeference Hochstetter’s survey map over the new Lake Rotomahana map. Black Terrace Crater and Te Ariki datum are derived. Validation by waterways, valleys and vegetation lines is undertaken, a biological bathymetry completed and three-point resection performed on the key survey station. The cartography shows the Pink, Black and White Terrace spring locations, Te Otukapuarangi, Te Ngāwhā a Te Tuhi and Te Tarata lie buried on land. From novel lake altimetry the plotted terrace spring locations lie buried 10–15 m. A full archaeological site investigation including imaging and core drilling is indicated to examine the three terrace locations. Excavation on one or more of the Pink, Black and White Terrace sites may then be determined.
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Sascha Nolden | 2017
Sir Julius von Haast: exploring an archival documentary heritage collection in the Alexander Turnbull LibraryJournal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, vol. 47, no. 1, 2017, pp. 125-131. DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2016.1208254
Sir Julius von Haast (1822–1887) was one of the most influential German-born New Zealand scientists of the nineteenth century. Founder and first director of Canterbury Museum, he contributed to the establishment of scientific institutions, palaeontological research, geographical exploration and geological surveys. He also developed an international network of correspondents and contacts to facilitate the exchange of information, knowledge, specimens and publications. This short communcation provides an overview of unpublished materials from Haast’s estate, including manuscripts, letters, photographs and sketches, and reports on the outcome of a review of the collections and associated finding aids. This review comprised the retrospective enhancement of descriptive and name authority records, and resulted in an improved documentation of the collections, thereby maximising the discoverability of historical evidence and utilisation of the informational value of a personal and scientific archive held in the collections of the Alexander Turnbull Library.
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Sascha Nolden | 2017
Ferdinand von Hochstetter: Briefe aus dem Böhmerwald: 1852-1855Ottensheim (Austria): Edition Thanhäuser, August 2017, 120 pp.
Ferdinand von Hochstetter, einer der vielseitigsten und erfolgreichsten Naturforscher und Weltreisenden des 19. Jahrhunderts, geboren 1829 in Esslingen am Neckar, 1853 bis 1856 Geologe an der Geologischen Reichsanstalt in Wien, Österreich wurde ihm zur zweiten Heimat.
Er schrieb im Februar 1853 an seinen Vater: Die geologische Reichsanstalt wird mich nächsten Sommer zu meinem großen Leidwesen statt nach Tyrol, auf die böhmischen Dörfer schicken, wahrscheinlich in den südlichen Theil von Böhmen, den langweiligsten, uninteressantesten sein sollenden Winkel des ganzen Kaiserstaates. Als Reichsgeologe führte ihn die Reise zuerst mit dem Schiff bis Linz, von dort mit der Pferdeeisenbahn ins Böhmische hinauf, seine weiteren Briefe an den Vater klingen bereits erfreulicher: Bei diesem Wanderleben bin ich heiterer u. vergnügter, als je. Ich werde überall aufs freundlichste aufgenommen, … Böhmen ist gar nicht so böhmisch, wie man bei uns glaubt, … Auch die böhmischen Dörfer sind nicht so schrecklich. Die Leute zwar sehr abergläubisch, aber die Gegenden reizend. Bei diesen angenehmen Verhältnissen kann ich Wien auch leicht entbehren. Bis 1854 berichtete er brieflich seiner Familie aus fürstlichen Besitzungen, Jägerhäusern und obskuren Dorfschenken über die Fortschritte bei seiner Arbeit, über Begegnungen mit den Waldmenschen, über Urwälder, Moore und über den Zustand der Dorfwirtshäuser. Ich singe, aber nur, wie der Vogel im Wald singt, nicht wie man es in Eßlingen in den Salons erwartet. Im April 1857 verließ die Fregatte „Novara“ mit Hochstetter an Bord den Hafen von Triest. Nach seiner Ankunft in Auckland im Dezember 1858 traf er den deutschen Geologen Julius von Haast, beide sollten zu Pionieren der geologischen Erforschung Neuseelands werden. Nach seiner Rückkehr Professor für Mineralogie und Geologie in Wien und Intendant des Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums – ein halbes Jahr vor seinem frühen Tod im Juli 1884 wurde er von Kaiser Franz Joseph in den Ritterstand erhoben. |
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Sascha Nolden | 2017
From Small Beginnings Come Great Things: Sam Hunt Collection, Alexander Turnbull LibraryTurnbull Library Record, vol. 49, 2017, pp. 22-33.
In 2016, the Alexander Turnbull Library purchased the papers of one of New Zealand's most iconic living poets, Sam Hunt. The arrival of this material in 20 transit boxes marked the start of a most rewarding arrangement and description project, resulting in the creation of a finding aid comprising just over 600 descriptive records documenting the collection. 1 Sam Hunt, more formally known as Samuel Percival Maitland Hunt, was born at Castor Bay on 4 July 1946 and has indulged in a remarkable life journey, which is documented and illustrated by the archival collection.
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Sascha Nolden | 2017
Alexander Turnbull Library: New Zealand Speleological Society: Cave MapsArchifacts: Journal of the Archives and Records Association of New Zealand, no. 1-2, 2017, pp. 12-14.
The New Zealand Speleological Society was founded on 1 October 1949 by Henry G Lambert who served as president to 1959. The collection comprises 237 maps documenting cave systems across New Zealand, many of which were produced by regional clubs and special interest groups under the auspices of the New Zealand Speleological Society.
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Rex Bunn & Sascha Nolden | 2016
Te Tarata and Te Otukapuarangi: Reverse engineering Hochstetter’s Lake Rotomahana Survey to map the Pink and White Terrace locationsThe Journal of New Zealand Studies, no. 23, 2016, pp. 37-53.
The Pink and White Terraces were New Zealand’s eighth wonder of the world, until the Tarawera eruption on 10 June 1886 engulfed them. Without pre-eruption survey data, scientific and government teams failed to relocate the terraces, which were assumed lost. Over 2011-2012 GNS Science announced the rediscovery of parts of both terraces in Lake Rotomahana: however, by 2016 they resiled these claims, concluding the majority of both terraces destroyed.
This paper maps their original locations based on reverse engineering unpublished 1859 survey data from Ferdinand von Hochstetter. Evidence suggests the locations may have survived the eruption, with the terraces buried in ash, crossing the shoreline on land not subject to local volcanic cratering. Excavation is conceivable. The Pink and White Terraces may again delight visitors in Rotorua via the Terraces Track, complementing the world-class New Zealand walking tracks. |
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Sascha Nolden | 2016
The life and legacy of Sir Julius von Haast: exploring archival documentary heritage collectionsRecords of the Canterbury Museum, Volume 30, 2016, pp. 65-80.
Sir Julius von Haast (1822–1887) was one of the most influential German-born New Zealand scientists of the nineteenth century. He contributed to the establishment and development of scientific institutions, palaeontological research, geographical exploration and geological surveys, and established a network of correspondents around the globe to facilitate the exchange of information, knowledge, specimens and publications. The results of his efforts are evident from the maps and reports of geological surveys undertaken in the provinces of Nelson, Canterbury and Westland, and the establishment and development of Canterbury Museum. Details of his activities and approach to scientific endeavour and collegial cooperation become more fully evident through examining the archives representing his life and work found in the manuscripts, letters, photographs and sketches held in the collections of the Alexander Turnbull Library and elsewhere.
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Sascha Nolden, Thomas Hofmann & Albert Schedl | 2016
Geologen der k. k. Geologischen Reichsanstalt: Briefe an Julius von Haast in Neuseeland in den Sammlungen der Alexander Turnbull LibraryJahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, vol. 156, no. 1-4, December 2016, pp. 41-72.
Geologists of the Imperial Royal Geological Survey of Austria: letters to Sir Julius von Haast in New Zealand from the collections of the Alexander Turnbull Library
Abstract Letters and photographic portraits sent to Sir Julius von Haast by members and former members of the Imperial Royal Geological Survey of Austria between 1862 and 1887, from the manuscript and photographic collections of the Alexander Turnbull Library, are presented as an annotated edition and placed in the context of the network scientists maintained to facilitate the sharing of ideas, thoughts, observations, specimens, and publications. Aspects of interdependence between those situated in European metropolitan centres with ready access to publications and reference collections, and those with the advantage of proximity to unexplored places at the opposite end of the world offering opportunities to discover and observe things new to science and accumulate collections, are explored – while the influence of Austrian geoscientists on the development and exploration of New Zealand are highlighted. |
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Sascha Nolden, Thomas Hofmann & Richard Lein | 2016
Die Korrespondenz von Eduard Suess mit Julius von Haast in NeuseelandJahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, vol. 156, no. 1-4, December 2016, pp. 73-84.
The correspondence of Eduard Suess with Julius von Haast in New Zealand Abstract
A collection of eight letters by Eduard Suess addressed from Vienna, Budapest and Marz to Julius von Haast in Christchurch, New Zealand, in the years 1881 to 1884, preceded by a letter from Haast to Suess from 1880, contribute to documenting an exchange of ideas, observations, specimens and scientific literature between two leading scientists based in Canterbury and Vienna respectively. The correspondence provides an insight into the approach to research adopted by Suess in sourcing information from around the globe, while showcasing another instance of Haast engaging in a lucrative trade in New Zealand natural history specimens, especially skeletal moa remains. The researches by Suess relate directly to the genesis and development of his monumental scientific work Das Antlitz der Erde (later published in English as The Face of the Earth), and the building and expansion of a geological and palaeontological collection for the Department of Geology at the University of Vienna after its relocation to a new building. Apart from geological publications from New Zealand, Suess was especially interested in moa bones, while Haast in turn was always seeking to grow the collections of Canterbury Museum and maintain his network of contacts with scientists around the world. |
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Sascha Nolden | 2016
Ferdinand von Hochstetter (1829–1884) Nachlass eines AllgemeingelehrtenDas Naturhistorische: Das Magazin des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien, Sommer 2016, p. 15.
Vor 140 Jahren, zu seinem 47. Geburtstag am 30. April 1876, wurde Ferdinand von Hochstetter zum ersten Intendanten des neu gegründeten Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien ernannt. Heuer wurde nun sein wissenschaftlicher Nachlass von seinen Nachfahren als Schenkung dem Museum überlassen.
Der Nachlass, bestehend aus Druckwerken, Manuskripten, Briefen, Tagebüchern, Fotografien, Aquarellen, Zeichnungen und Karten aus aller Welt, lässt auch immer wieder seine zweite große Liebe nebst seiner Ehefrau, nämlich Neuseeland, erkennen. Dieser Nachlassbestand wird nun weiter bearbeitet und erschlossen, ehe diese reiche Fundgrube an wissenschaftshistorischen Schätzen dann zur allgemeinen Verwertung freigegeben wird. Hochstetter, geboren als protestantischer Pfarrerssohn in Esslingen, war Teilnehmer der Novara-Expedition (1857–59) und gelangte durch die damit verbundene Erforschung Neuseelands zu Ruhm. Während seiner mustergültigen Laufbahn wirkte er als Geologe an der Geologischen Reichsanstalt und als Professor am k.k. Polytechnischen Institut in Wien, ehe er vor seiner Ernennung zum Museums-Intendanten zwei Jahre lang Kronprinz Rudolf in Naturwissenschaften unterrichtete. Sein erstes Studienfach war protestantische Theologie, durch seine persönliche Bekanntschaft mit seinem großen Vorbild, Alexander von Humboldt, und die Lehren von Charles Darwin – dessen Erkenntnisse er schon früh in Wien vertrat – gelangte er zu großer Weltoffenheit. Anfangs eher an geowissenschaftlichen Fragen interessiert, wandte er sich später immer mehr dem Menschen und dessen Entwicklung und Lebensweise zu. Wegen der Breite und Vielfältigkeit seiner Interessen und seiner Gelehrsamkeit – Geologie, Geografie, Anthropologie und Ethnologie – dürfte er es verdient haben, heute als einer der letzten großen Wiener Allgemeingelehrten geehrt und gefeiert zu werden. |
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Sascha Nolden | 2014
The Hochstetter Collection in Basel: Cataloguing a Viennese Explorer’s Accumulation of Documentary Evidence of Nineteenth-Century New ZealandJames Bade, ed. New Zealand and the EU: Austrian Visitors to Oceania: Their Activities and Legacies, (Europe-New Zealand Research Series, vol. 8, no. 1), Auckland, Europe Institute, University of Auckland, May 2014, pp. 83-123.
This paper presents an overview of the progress and results of a project that aims to document and publish archival material from the estate of Ferdinand von Hochstetter (1829-1884), who visited and explored the provinces of Auckland and Nelson in 1858-1859, and continued to build his collection of paintings, drawings, photographs, maps, prints, and other items through ongoing exchanges with correspondents. While the collection consists of items from many parts of the world, the focus here will be especially on the items relating to New Zealand.
The history and background of the project will be discussed, and notes on the provenance of the collection, its arrangement, description, documentation, preservation, and cataloguing, will lead to a more detailed overview of methodologies applied in relation to the foundation principles of archival best practice and the creation of metadata and adapted cataloguing standards, with a variable range of fields to suit the diverse formats. In conclusion, we will briefly explore the question of “original versus facsimile” – discussing the value of digital repatriation of New Zealand taonga and future research needs in the digital age. The first three volumes of the catalogue have been released to date, featuring material exclusively relating to New Zealand; these will be reviewed, and an overview of remaining volumes given. Some of the inherent challenges and issues will also be discussed, including preservation issues encountered while working with the original material, limitations of digitisation and reproduction, and finally a few words on the aims and vision for the future of the project. |
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Mike Johnston & Sascha Nolden | 2014
Hochstetter’s First Nelson Diary: 27 July – 5 September 1859Geoscience Society of New Zealand, 2014, 122 pp.
German geologist Ferdinand von Hochstetter is regarded by many as the "father" of New Zealand geology. In 2012, the GSNZ published the second half of this diary, after which the first part (held by Hochstetter's descendants in Switzerland) has come to light. This first part has now been transcribed, translated, edited, and published.
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Sascha Nolden | 2013
The Letters of Ferdinand von Hochstetter to Julius von HaastGeoscience Society of New Zealand, 2013, 233 pp.
This publication presents 133 letters written to Julius von Haast (1822-1887) by Ferdinand von Hochstetter (1829-1884) and his wife Georgiana, in the years 1859 to 1887 as annotated English translations of the original German manuscript letters held in the collections of the Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington.
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Sascha Nolden, Simon Nathan & Esme Mildenhall | 2013
The Correspondence of Julius Haast and Joseph Dalton Hooker, 1861-1886Geoscience Society of New Zealand, 2013, 219 pp.
Joseph Dalton Hooker (1817-1911) was one of the first botanists concerned with biogeography – the distribution of plants in different parts of the world. Although he travelled extensively early in his career including a visit to New Zealand in 1841, much of his working life was spent at Kew Gardens near London. Hooker maintained a worldwide network of correspondents whom he encouraged to send him plants. This volume presents transcriptions of all the surviving letters between Hooker and Haast from 1861 until Haast’s death in 1887.
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Sascha Nolden, Rowan Burns & Simon Nathan | 2012
The Correspondence of Julius von Haast and James Hector, 1862-1887Geoscience Society of New Zealand, 2012, 315 pp.
Julius Haast (1822-1887) and James Hector (1834-1907) were two of the dominant personalities in the scientific life of late 19th century New Zealand. Both had wide interests, and made significant contributions in geology, biology and ethnology. They corresponded for 25 years, from the arrival of James Hector in 1862 until the death of Haast in 1887, and their letters give a fascinating window into changing ideas and scientific controversies.
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Sascha Nolden | 2012
Ferdinand Hochstetter: Allein bei den Antipoden!Hermann Mückler, ed., Österreicher in der Südsee: Forscher, Reisende, Auswanderer, Wien, Lit Verlag, 2012, pp. 127-147.
Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit dem Leben und Wirken Ferdinand Hochstetters aus Schwaben, der in österreichischen Diensten auf der Novara-Expedition zu Rang und Ruhm gelangte und große Anerkennung in den Antipoden für seine bedeutenden Beiträge, besonders auf den Gebieten der Geowissenschaften fand, darauf eine solide akademische Karriere als Professor und Schriftsteller aufbaute, als Präsident der Wiener Geographischen Gesellschaft mit den führenden Forschern und Reisenden in engem Kontakt stand und als Lehrer des jungen Kronprinzen Rudolf in Naturwissenschaften die Gunst der kaiserlichen Familie gewann. Am Ende investierte er seine letzte Schöpfungskraft in die Gründung des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien und seine Lebensreise fand als Hofrat Professor Dr. Ferdinand Ritter von Hochstetter in Wien ihr Ende, wo er heute in einem Ehrengrab auf dem Wiener Zentralfriedhof liegt.
Demnach ist dies nicht nur eine kurzgefasste Lebensbeschreibung des "Father of New Zealand Geology" und einer der weitreichendsten und wichtigsten Kontaktpersonen zwischen Wien und Neuseeland in der zweiten Hälfte des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts, sondern eine Gelegenheit zur Untersuchung der Frage, was Hochstetter an Wissen und Erfahrung von seiner Reise in die Antipoden mitgebracht hat und was er anschliessend noch seiner Rückkehr in Europa mit seinen Schätzen an wissenschaftlichen Beobachtungen und für die Novara-Expedition akquirierten Sammlungen erreichen konnte. |
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Mike Johnston, Sascha Nolden & Leonore Hoke | 2012
Hochstetter’s Nelson Diary 6 September – 2 October 1859 and Dun Mountain ReportGeoscience Society of New Zealand, 2012, 68 pp.
German geologist Ferdinand von Hochstetter is regarded by many as the "father" of New Zealand geology. Arriving in New Zealand in 1859, he documented his time and travels in our country in a series of five diaries. Hochstetter's Nelson Diary comprises a translation of the fifth and final New Zealand diary, and also includes a translation of Hochstetter's previously unpublished report on copper and chromite deposits at Dun Mountain.
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Alan G. Beu, Sascha Nolden & Thomas A. Darragh | 2012
Revision of New Zealand Cenozoic fossil Mollusca described by Zittel (1865) based on Hochstetter’s collections from the Novara ExpeditionMemoir 43 of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists, Canberra, 2012, 69 pp.
New Zealand Cenozoic molluscs described by Zittel in 'Paläontologie von Neu-Seeland' (1865) are revised, the plates republished, and most type specimens reillustrated, along with comparative specimens. Hochstetter's fossil localities are clarified, based on diary entries and published descriptions, and Zittel's introduction and figure captions are translated. The locality 'several miles north of Raglan Harbour' is Te Hara Point, 6.5 km north of Raglan. Most molluscs have been interpreted correctly. However, Ostrea nelsoniana Zittel is a synonym of the late Miocene to living 'Bluff oyster' O. chilensis Philippi in Küster, 1844, rather than an Oligocene Crassostrea species. Lentipecten hochstetteri (Zittel) is a short, wide Oligocene species (width 104-110% of height) rather than the taller, unnamed Miocene homeomorph (width 94-97% of height) to which this name is usually applied. Austrofusus conoideus (Zittel) is an Awatere Valley species (Starborough Formation, Waipipian, Pliocene) intergrading with Austrofusus allani King, 1934. Austrofusus zitteli (Suter, 1914), supposedly from Magazine Point Formation (Whaingaroan, Oligocene) at Nelson is unrecognisable, but probably also was based on a specimen of A. conoideus from Starborough Formation. Struthiolaria dolorosa King, 1934 is a synonym of S. cingulata Zittel. Cucullaea singularis Zittel, 1865 and Teredo heaphyi Zittel, 1865 are unrecognisable. A neotype is designated for Limopsis zitteli Ihering, 1907 (= L. catenata Suter, 1917), and lectotypes are designated for Mesopeplum burnetti, Talochlamys(?) fischeri, T. williamsoni, Dosinia greyi, Antisolarium stoliczkai, Crepidula incurva, Struthiolaria cingulata, S. canaliculata, and Dentalium mantelli, all of Zittel, 1865, Crypta striata Hutton, 1873 and Alcithoe hurupiensis Marwick, 1926. The publication date of all contributions in 'Paläontologie von Neu-Seeland' is 27 April 1865.
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Sascha Nolden | 2011
Illustrating New Zealand: Image Sources and Engravings of Ferdinand von Hochstetter’s Publications on New ZealandJames Bade, ed., New Zealand and the EU: Austria in the South Pacific, (Europe – New Zealand Research Series), Auckland, The Europe Institute - University of Auckland, 2011, pp. 43-69.
Ferdinand Hochstetter (1829-1884) arrived in Auckland on 22 December 1858 on board the Austrian frigate Novara and spent nine months exploring the provinces of Auckland and Nelson. While his main focus was on the geological structure and mineral resources, he was also fascinated by the unique flora and fauna and took a great interest in Maori and their culture. Recording what he observed in his diaries and sketchbooks, he created a detailed documentation of his journeys, which later became the primary source for his publications on New Zealand.
However, it is undoubtedly the contribution of others combined with his own that made his visit and subsequent publications on New Zealand such a success. Examining wood engraved illustrations prepared by Eduard Ade (1835-1907) and chromolithographs by Arno Meerman (1829-1908), based on sketches by Ferdinand von Hochstetter (1829-1884), Charles Heaphy (1820-1881), Augustus Koch (1834-1901), and photographs by John Nicol Crombie (1827-1878), Bruno Hamel (born 1837) and Antoine Claudet (1797-1867), this paper will look at the sources of a selection of New Zealand illustrations from Hochstetter's German Neu-Seeland, English New Zealand, and abridged French translation serialised in Le Tour du Monde (1865), and the influence of the artists and engravers on the European perception of New Zealand in the nineteenth century. |
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Mike Johnston & Sascha Nolden | 2011
Travels of Hochstetter and Haast in New Zealand 1858-1860Nelson, Nikau Press, 2011, 336 pp.
When Ferdinand Hochstetter arrived in December 1858 as the geologist on the Austrian Novara Expedition New Zealand was a vibrant young colony holding much that was still new to science. Joined by his new friend Julius Haast he ventured into the wilds of the North Island and the rugged Nelson backcountry. Their journeys resulted in the last great narratives of colonial exploration and a record of many new sights and discoveries. In defining the foundations of New Zealand geology, Hochstetter has left a remarkable legacy.
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Sascha Nolden | 2008
Ferdinand von Hochstetter: Father of New Zealand Geology (Exhibition Catalogue)Auckland, Auckland City Libraries, 2008.
Ferdinand von Hochstetter and the Novara Expedition in New Zealand
This exhibition marks the 150th anniversary of the arrival in Auckland of the Austrian frigate Novara on a round-the-world scientific expedition. On board was the geologist Ferdinand von Hochstetter, who was to become known as the Father of New Zealand Geology. The scientific team on the expedition also included the artist Selleny, the zoologists Frauenfeld and Zelebor and the botanists Schwarz and Jelinek. All were under the direction of the chief scientist Karl von Scherzer, who later published a three-volume account of the expedition in his role as historiographer. At the time, the Novara was the largest ship to have visited Auckland and Austria was described as Britain's oldest ally. The visit of the approximately 355 members of the expedition including naval personnel, officers and scientists made a considerable impression on the people of Auckland. Auckland, as both capital city of New Zealand and the seat of the provincial government at the time, did everything to both welcome the Austrian visitors and to take advantage of the scientific expertise they represented. |
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Sascha Nolden | 2006-2007
Ferdinand Hochstetter (1829-1884) und die Novara Expedition in NeuseelandMitteilungen der Anthropologischen Gesellschaft in Wien, vol. 136/137, 2006-2007, pp. 15-30.
When the Austrian frigate Novara arrived in Auckland on its expedition around the globe this marked a major turning point for the young geologist and physicist on board. In New Zealand Ferdinand Hochstetter found the opportunity to explore a geologically hitherto largely unexplored country in the service of the New Zealand government and as an extension of the Novara expedition. Although the decision to leave the expedition, at this furthest point of the journey, was not an easy one, he never regretted it later as it gave him the opportunity to spend nine months in Auckland on the North Island and Nelson in the South Island, and wherever he went he was provided with generous support for his efforts and was thus enabled to make one of the most significant contributions to the results of the Novara expedition and at the same time accumulate collections and observations which were later to form the basis for his publications on New Zealand. In this article the focus is not so much on the already thoroughly documented geological explorations but more on Hochstetter’s encounter with the indigenous people of New Zealand, their culture and environment as well as his relationship with the pioneer settlers in New Zealand, who especially valued Hochstetter for his contribution to the assessment of the mineral resources that would promise future wealth for the colony. In closing, an overview of the works by Hochstetter relating to New Zealand is given with some remarks on their genesis and development.
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Sascha Nolden | 2004
Austrian Architects in New Zealand(Working Paper Series of the Research Centre for Germanic Connections with New Zealand and the Pacific, No. 3), Auckland, 2004, 58 pp.
This research paper profiles the life and work of Austrian architects who came to New Zealand and brought with them the Modernist ideas of such great Viennese teachers as Peter Behrens, Oskar Strnad and Adolf Loos, and later counter-movements of a more ecologically sensitive Europe. The presence in New Zealand of Ernst Anton Plischke, Frederick Hugh Newman, Henry Kulka, Gerhard Simanke, Friedrich Eisenhofer and Friedensreich Hundertwasser, working in areas from the design of homes, states houses, high density flats, commercial buildings, industrial buildings, shops, interior design and furniture to the design of public amenities, memorials, hydroelectric power schemes, office buildings and town planning, has left a legacy of not only their architectural projects but also a diverse range of influences and ideas that survive in the form of both published books and conference papers.
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© Sascha Nolden 2023